A Review of Three Articles on Domestic Violence Essay...

One of the most overlooked forms of violence in today’s society is domestic violence. Domestic violence is most likely to occur behind closed doors, which is one of the main reasons why domestic violence is not given that much attention. In most cases domestic violence is the silent, ugly side of dating and people do not like to talk about it. Due to the fact that domestic violence is becoming more common over the years warrants more and more research to help with the ongoing problem. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Why do men in the United States resort to domestic violence? Domestic violence is an intense or furious often-destructive action or force within the household. Domestic violence is measured by any physical or verbal abuse. This†¦show more content†¦The Whites had a history of domestic problems, said officials. Vincent White was just released from prison last year after serving two years for domestic violence, assault, and abduction. According to police and court records, Vincent White has had legal problems dating back to 2009. Vincent White’s father blamed what happened on his son’s drug habit, however he did not go into what type of drugs. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In this article there were a few strengths. I believe finding out the age difference between the couple could have some meaning behind it. They were a mixed couple, which could also be the reason for some domestic troubles. The victim’s husband had some drug issues, however the article did not specify what type or types of drugs the murderer was into. Knowing that Vincent White was doing drugs is a solid strength, but since the article did not go into detail it could also be considered a weakness. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The second article, Violence: The Silent, Ugly Side Of Dating, by Dennis Wilken-TGI Staff Writer. Porch and her staff go out to the high schools to discuss teen dating violence to help the younger generation opens their eyes to domestic violence. Porch is the teen co-coordinator for the Domestic Violence Clearinghouse and Legal Hotline. â€Å"We talk to both male and female students. Violence starts by someone thinking they have the right to control another person,† PorchShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence As A Public Health Problem Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence as a public health problem is studied from an epidemiological perspective. Epidemiology is the core of public health, providing insight into the causes, prevalence, and control of disease in populations. Partner abuse is defined, risk factors, prevalence, and consequences are addressed from both the civilian and military perspectives as it relates to the batterer, spouse, and children. Most of what is known about domestic violence from a scientific perspective are through a civilianRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women.1262 Words   |  6 PagesNguyen Race Law Prof TA december 11, 2014 Domestic Violence against Women Domestic violence is a big social issue in the United States today, as well as all over the world. Domestic violence can be between sibling abuse, elder abuse, spouse abuse, and of course child abuse. But when one talks about spouse abuse it is not just from a marital stand point, but also a dating partner who is in an intimate relationship with each other. Domestic violence is not simply hitting, fighting, verbal argumentRead MoreChild Abuse And Domestic Violence : Prevalence, Explanations, And Practice Implications Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesJournal Articles Summary Article #1: Child Abuse in the Context of Domestic Violence: Prevalence, Explanations, and Practice Implications The journal article Child Abuse in the Context of Domestic Violence: Prevalence, Explanations, and Practice Implications, addresses three critical components in regards to child abuse resulting from domestic violence. The first component focuses on how often child abuse occurs in relation to domestically violent families. The second component of the journal articleRead MoreDomestic Violence research proposal1573 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The purpose of this study is to see whether or not domestic violence causes a damaging affect on children. The study will included criminal justice students in College and the age range will be between 18 and 23 years old. 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Although there have been significant reforms in policy andRead MoreIs The Duluth Method Of Bipp An Effective Treatment Program For Latinos?1414 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Problem Intimate partner violence or domestic violence is not only a physical incident between a couple. Domestic Violence encompasses physical, sexual, emotional, economic, and psychological forms taken by a perpetrator against the victim. In Texas 77% of all Hispanic have either themselves or know someone who has experienced some form of domestic violence and 64% of all Hispanic have reported having personally experienced at least one form of domestic violence in their lifetime. This is a 16%Read MoreDomestic Violence Catergories1355 Words   |  6 Pages Childhood problems associated with exposure to domestic violence fall into three categories. 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Women with disabilitiesRead MorePeer Reviews : Aid The Exploration806 Words   |  4 PagesThe scholarly journals have a huge contribution or reviewers behind them. ‘Peer Reviews’ aid the exploration, setting up of a strategy by which it can be assessed, and increment organizing conceivable outcomes inside of examination groups. Notwithstanding reactions, ‘Peer Review’ is still the main broadly acknowledged system for examination acceptance. Peer reviewing is a framework that is utilized by researchers to choose which research results ought to be distributed in scientific journals. PeerRead MoreWomen Domestic Violence Offenders : Lessons Of Violence And Survival 2007907 Words   |  4 PagesWomen Domestic Violence Offenders Cindy L. Seaman, Linda J. Rubin, and Sally D. Stabb, all affiliated with Texas Woman’s University, composed the article: Women Domestic Violence Offenders: Lessons of Violence and Survival 2007. 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Structural Functionalism And Conflict Theory - 1882 Words

Short Answer Questions 1) Based on your readings, in class lectures, notes and discussions, in one to two paragraphs for each, describe and explain the analytical tenets of a) Structural Functionalism; b) Symbolic Interactionism; and c) Conflict Theory. Structural Functionalism aims to understand society in an objective way. It views society as an entity that is â€Å"objectively real†. It emphasizes the unity of society, and how individuals perform roles and how these roles are vital in meeting the needs of the collective whole. For instance, because every society has stratification, stratification must have certain functions and these functions can contribute to the survival of the social system as a whole. Furthermore, structural†¦show more content†¦Moreover, it argues that economic exploitation causes political oppression and the powerful will then use their power to turn the state into a â€Å"servant of bourgeois economic† (Marx). For that reason, the only way to breakout of this conflict is through revolution, in which the working class people overthrows the owner of the capitalist system. Conflict theorists might argue, for instance, religion fulfills the bourgeois interests by appeasing the populatio n by pacifying them. In essence, under this theory there will always be conflicts for scarce resources, and whenever one group gains control of the resources there will be an oppressed group. And according to Marx, this can be broken if we have a classless society where resources are allocated equally. 2) For each of these three sociological approaches, choose one assigned reading that exemplifies the perspective. In two paragraphs for each perspective, explain in what way the article you have chosen exemplifies the given approach. Structural Functionalism â€Å"Some Principles of Stratification† by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore is a great instance of the structural functionalist theory. In the article, it views stratification through the lens of a functionalist and states that stratification doesn’t necessarily lead to conflict, rather we need it in order for society to function. Furthermore, it illustrates the functions of stratification,Show MoreRelatedStructural Functionalism And Conflict Theory972 Words   |  4 Pagesand institutions. Some sociological theories are better at explaining the social world at a macro level than they are at a micro level, and vice versa. Structural Functionalism and Conflict Theory are best for macrosociology while Symbolic Interactionism is best for microsociology. The purpose of this paper is to explain how the sociological perspective has helped me better understand the social world on both a macro and micro level. Structural Functionalism is the idea that society is a unifiedRead MoreStructural Functionalism and Conflict Theory1541 Words   |  7 PagesStructural Functionalism amp; Conflict Theory Karl Marx and Max Weber were the first conflict theorists in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Following Marx and Weber were three mid-20th century conflict theorists: Lewis Coser, Ralf Dahrendorf, and Randall Collins. Coser draws his theoretical ideas from Simmel. Like Simmel, Coser maintains that conflict is healthy for society. In contrast, Dahrendorf combines theoretical ideas from Marx and Weber. Dahrendorf sees power as the main feature in allRead MoreConflict Theory Vs. Structural Functionalism978 Words   |  4 PagesConflict Theory vs. Structural Functionalism, this is like a fight between conservative and liberal. 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The IndustrialRead MoreSociological Theories, Conflict, Structural Functionalism And Symbolic Interaction1588 Words   |  7 Pagesmethods of killing by parents were with â€Å"personal weapons,† such as choking, beating, or drowning. Caucasian men and women between the age of 20 to 30 middle and lower class parents are likely to commit filicide. Three sociological theories, conflict, structural functionalism and symbolic interaction explain the different aspects of the family institution and the problem of why these types of crime occur. Observation of the family, not just the infant may detect a problem before it turns into a criminalRead MoreEssay about Structural-Functionalism and Conflict Theory2741 Words   |  11 PagesTheories in sociology provide us with different perspectives with which to view our social world. A perspective is simply a way of looking at the world. A theory is a set of interrelated propositions or principles designed to answer a question or explain a particular phenomenon; it provides us with a perspective. Sociological theories help us to explain and predict the social world in which we live. Sociology includes three major theoretical perspectives: the structural-functionalist perspectiveRead MoreFunctionalism Vs. Conflict Theory1349 Words   |  6 PagesFunctionalism vs. Conflict Theory There are four known sociological theories and or theoretical perspective, and they are structural functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, and feminism. These theories explain various aspects of social life through different perspective (OpenStax College 17). Some of the theories might view social life in a micro perspective, macro perspective or even both and each view might be completely opposing to each other, but it also has its pros and consRead MoreTheories And Nature Of Human Behavior951 Words   |  4 Pageshuman behavior is by how people view society. There are three major theories that provide a lens to compare how and individual see their environment. â€Å"A theory is a set of ideas that attempts to explain the known facts of a subject in a way that makes sense† (Claerbaut, 2015). The three major theories are sociology are structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Structure functionalism â€Å"is a macro-level theory that views a society as a complete unit, in much the same way oneRead MoreStructural Functionalism : A Sociological Perspective1096 Words   |  5 Pagesview the world differently; either as structural functionalism, conflict theory, or symbolic interactionism. Each one of these refer to the world inversely. Some view the world as situations just work out, or it is continuously in conflict, or the world is just primarily a place where people have relationships. Structural functionalism best describes the view of the world and varies roles that are played by different people. Structural functionalism is a theory that views society as a complete unitRead MoreSociological Theories And The Structural Functional Theory1356 Words   |  6 PagesSociological Theories: Compare and Contrast The Structural-Functional theory definition: Two theorist who were major contributors to the structural functional theory where Herbert Spencer and Robert Merton. Also known as functionalism, it is a framework for building theory that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and solidarity. Important concepts in the perspective of functionalism include social structure, social functions, latent functions and manifest

Contemporary Literature On Healthcare Indicates †Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Contemporary Literature Healthcare Indicates? Answer: Introducation Contemporary literature on healthcare indicates the significance of consumer engagement in healthcare service delivery. Consumers have been found to play an important role in shaping up how care services are delivered. They are the key stakeholders in patient-driven care. Complex approaches and concepts come up in this regard that aims to define the different ways by which consumers can actively participate in shaping health service delivery (Smith et al., 2014). The work by Shay Lafata (2015) points out two methods by which consumer participation in health services can be achieved. Firstly, consumers are to be involved in strategic planning for resource allocation. This would be a Financial step since a more detailed understanding of the values of consumers would provide information supporting better decision making for health services planning. Resource allocation plays a major role in shaping up how care is delivered, mainly human resource allocation. Feedback from patients regar ding their level of satisfaction with the health care workforce is valuable. Secondly, consumers can be engaged in the treatment planning on the individual basis that would help in enabling a comprehensive care plan. Social and cultural aspects come into the limelight in this respect as consumers can put forward such concerns in relation to their treatment. As a registered nurse I acknowledge the value of patient engagement and participation in clinical decision making and the impact it has on care quality. As opined by Tobiano et al., (2015) patients are to be permitted to have an active involvement in a decision making the process as they are to be consulted while their care process continues. While delivery care to a patient with colostomy and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and of Hispanic origin, I developed the opinion that the patient needs to be consulted for his culturally values and beliefs that were to be included in her treatment plan. From my nursing knowledge, I had the idea that for Hispanic patients the greater concern was being ill rather than dying. Since the patient believed that a suitable lifestyle is a key to better health, the care plan for the patient was outlined with a special focus on lifestyle modifications. The ongoing care plan and discharge plan for the patient were based on the input provided by the patient. Th e outcome was a fast patient recovery and high level of patient satisfaction with the service provided. This is aligned with the notion that increased patient engagement in healthcare planning leads to better health outcomes for the patient (Brom et al., 2014). Quality and Safety The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC) has come up with the National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards that has the objective of upholding the protection of the health care consumers from potential harm and enhancing the quality of healthcare services. There are in total ten such standards, each looking into distinct aspects of healthcare. The standard selected at present is Standard 3 Preventing and Controlling Healthcare Associated Infections. This particular standard describes the set of strategies and systems that are to be adhered to for preventing incidences of patient infections within the healthcare setting and managing any occurring infection for minimizing the consequences at the earliest (safety and quality.go.au, 2012). The potential outcome that might be faced if best practice is not adhered to is an increased rate of healthcare associated infections, leading to high patient morbidity and modality. A healthcare-associate d infection (HAI) is defined as the infection occurring due to a health care intervention. HAIs are one of the most significant and avertible patient safety issues in Australia at present. Research points out that around 180,000 patients in Australia develop HAIs (Paitoonpong et al., 2013). Suffering HAIs implies that their stay at the healthcare unit is prolonged. 2 million hospital bed days are consumed as a result of this.The influence of HAIs is a reduced quality of life for the patient. During my nursing practice, I have adhered to strategies for minimizing the risk of patients getting infected by HAIs. Observing proper hand hygiene has been of key importance to me. According to Loveday et al., (2014) hands are regarded as the most vital vehicle that is responsible for transmission of pathogenic organisms. It is advisable to wash hands regularly before and after handling patients. I wash hands with water and a disinfectant soap before and after coming in contact with patients. The washing procedure covers all my fingers and the full palm, after which I make it a point to pat them dry with a disposable towel. At times, as per the need, I consider using an alcohol-based hand rub such as chlorohexidine for washing my hands. This is more effective than an ordinary soap (Ellingson et al., 2014). Secondly, prudent personal preventive measures are of prime importance. Sterile gloves are worn when coming in contact with the non-intact skin of the patients and their mucous m embrane. Gloves are also worn while a sterile procedure is being done such as insertion of the catheter. Clean gloves are useful while coming in contact with body fluids and other items that are contaminated with infectious materials (Yokoe et al., 2014). Leadership and Management Leadership, as applied to the healthcare sector, refers to the process by which a healthcare professional exerts a positive influence on the individuals working in the same setting so as to accomplish a set of common goals and achieve particular objectives. Registered nurses are to exhibit suitable leadership skills for directing the fellow professionals in a way that fosters care delivery in a cohesive manner (Gopee Galloway, 2017). Two leadership skills that registered nurses must bring to their role are time management and relationship management. Nurses might find difficulty in handling all responsibilities entitled to them within the clinical setting. Since patient care is the top priority, it might be difficult to complete the assigned care tasks within the stipulated time frame. For being a leader in the field of nursing, one must learn to effectively manage the time for delivering care when required. When a nurse has a clear vision of how to prioritize tasks as per the indiv idual needs of the patient and eliminate chances of mistakes, he is able to lead other in delivering flawless care services (Grohar-Murray et al., 2016). Leaders in the nursing profession must have suitable relationship management skills for inspiring others and changing their behaviours. The positive change brought about is a development of the potential others hold in managing nursing projects and conflicts. It is imperative that a nurse is able to maintain a healthy relationship with the team members in a setting that a collaborative and comprehensive care is delivered (West et al., 2015). One leadership skill that I would like to develop further for my professional development is time management. Based on a self-assessment of my leadership skills I conclude that my time management skills are not up to the mark. This can be done by following a set of simple yet effective strategies. The key steps for developing the leadership skill would be organizing, planning, prioritizing and scheduling. One can save time if the work area is organized and clean. Tidying up the environment is crucial. One needs to plan a working day in time and understand the list of duties that are to be performed within the shift hours. Planning helps in saving time for ultimate unforeseen challenges. Prioritizing tasks enables a nurse to perform the tasks that hold more importance than others in an effective and accurate manner. Once the list of task is made on a priority basis, one must create a schedule accordingly (Grohar-Murray et al., 2016). Organizational culture Registered nurses are accountable for a continual learning process that leads to their professional development in future. Learning is successful under conditions when nurses uphold good practice and are ready to share the acquired knowledge through discussions and open and transparent conversations. Leadership, partnerships and supervision are fundamental for creating and maintaining learning environments that are positive (Cherry Jacob, 2016). There is an enhanced demand for educating nurses on a continuous basis across the globe. Practice settings have been encouraging learning at the time of care delivery episodes so that they can simultaneously educate nursing students as well as present nursing workforce, both of which have equal importance. Safe and proficient healthcare delivery is solely dependent on effective educational practices. A learning culture in an organization gives the opportunity to nurses to carry out an integration of their wide range of theoretical knowledge with the regular nursing practice. In this manner, nurses are helped and guided to be abreast of current knowledge in nursing. Clinical settings known to inspire nursing students to acquire vast knowledge by its application and reflection on the practice can support nurses in the path of exploring their practices. Lastly learning culture is advantageous in modifying defiance and behaviours of professionals (Black, 2016). There are different ways by which I as a registered nurse might contribute to a culture of learning within my organization. The first method would be to take part in nursing research for facilitation of learning. Research undertaken on strong evidence on nursing practices would help in developing the nursing practice. The research might be qualitative or quantitative, depending on the paradigm required for the addressing the research questions. Nursing research would help me learn about novice and advanced techniques by which I can bring improvement in my daily practice and deliver best quality patient care. The second method would be reflective practice. Reflective practice would enable me to make a critical analysis of my previous experience and draw logical implications that when applied in future would help in professional development. Reflective practice is denoted as the art of thinking about an incidence or activity that would allow me to consider the challenging and positive aspects of the activity or action and outline a plan of development so that such activities can be improved further (Howatson-Jones, 2016). Professional practice As pointed out by Fong (2016) role conflict is defined as the state of conflict emerging under circumstances where competing demands arise involving an individual who is to fulfil multiple roles. It is a condition wherein it is expected the individual would need to play two roles that are incompatible. Role conflict is inevitable and common in clinical settings. The nature of role conflict determines the prevention and prediction of adverse impacts on the clinical practice. As highlighted by Kang and Lim (2016) role conflict has been found to result in stress in the clinical workplace among nurses. Cases of role conflict arise when a nurse has multiple role requirements wherein these needs are against each other. In organizations where the staffing structure is complex, role conflict is common. Tourigny et al., (2016) in this regard state that if in a clinical setting there are continuous interactions between humans, role conflict would arise. A nurse plays multiple roles such as edu cator, manager and care provider. These roles make interactions among professionals unavoidable, increasing the chances of conflict. Role conflict has the power to rightfully induce weakened organizational efficiency, enhanced occupational stress and decreased professional performance. In addition, there are higher chances that there would be more emotional exhaustion together with depersonalization. It is to be mentioned that role conflict is significantly more for the nurses in contrast to physicians. Since nurses are prone to suffer burnout and stress, they must consider applying selfcare strategies for facilitating an emotionally and physically fit work life. The nurses must learn how to say no when the requirement is there for it. Self-care does not only involve meeting the physiological needs of the individual. Rather, it involves taking time out for resting and unwinding. Though compassion is expected from every nurse, one does not need to say yes to every request. There is no scope for feeling remorseful or guilty when a favour is denied. It helps in staying comfortable in own role and completing essential tasks as per the set schedule on the long run. Secondly, one must take breaks between long shift hours. Neglecting own self would lead to disorders such as chronic pain and depression. It is pivotal that a nurse takes a break from a monotonous and straining work life for relaxing and rejuvenating own self. Taking breaks would not hamper care delivery, rather it would enhan ce it. Such form of self-care would ensure that no ill effect is imposed while rendering care to the patients under any circumstances (Fong, 2016). References Black, B. (2016).Professional Nursing-E-Book: Concepts Challenges. Elsevier Health Sciences. Brom, L., Hopmans, W., Pasman, H. R. W., Timmermans, D. R., Widdershoven, G. A., Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B. D. (2014). Congruence between patients preferred and perceived participation in medical decision-making: a review of the literature.BMC medical informatics and decision making,14(1), 25. Cherry, B., Jacob, S. R. (2016).Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Ellingson, K., Haas, J. P., Aiello, A. E., Kusek, L., Maragakis, L. L., Olmsted, R. N., ... VanAmringe, M. (2014). Strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections through hand hygiene.Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology,35(8), 937-960. Fong, C. M. (2016). Role overload, social support, and burnout among nursing educators.Journal of Nursing Education,29(3), 102-108. Gopee, N., Galloway, J. (2017).Leadership and management in healthcare. Sage. Grohar-Murray, M. E., DiCroce, H. R., Langan, J. C. (2016).Leadership and management in nursing. Pearson. Howatson-Jones, L. (2016).Reflective practice in nursing. Learning Matters. Kang, K. H., Lim, Y. J. (2016). Influence of Professionalism, Role Conflict and Work Environment in Clinical Nurses with Expanded Role on Job Enbeddedness.Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration,22(5), 424-436. Loveday, H. P., Wilson, J., Pratt, R. J., Golsorkhi, M., Tingle, A., Bak, A., ... Wilcox, M. (2014). epic3: national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England.Journal of Hospital Infection,86, S1-S70. National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards. (2012).safetyandquality.gov.au. Retrieved 11 September 2017, from https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/NSQHS-Standards-Sept-2012.pdf Paitoonpong, L., Wong, C. K. B., Perl, T. M. (2013). Healthcare-associated infections. InInfectious disease epidemiology theory and practice(pp. 369-466). JonesBartlet Learning. Shay, L. A., Lafata, J. E. (2015). Where is the evidence? A systematic review of shared decision making and patient outcomes.Medical Decision Making,35(1), 114-131. Smith, A., Latter, S., Blenkinsopp, A. (2014). Safety and quality of nurse independent prescribing: a national study of experiences of education, continuing professional development clinical governance.Journal of advanced nursing,70(11), 2506-2517. Tobiano, G., Marshall, A., Bucknall, T., Chaboyer, W. (2015). Patient participation in nursing care on medical wards: an integrative review.International journal of nursing studies,52(6), 1107-1120. Tourigny, L., Baba, V. V., Lituchy, T. (2016). On the retention of younger nurses.Journal of Nursing and Care,5(3), 1-6. West, M., Armit, K., Loewenthal, L., Eckert, R., West, T., Lee, A. (2015). Leadership and leadership development in healthcare: the evidence base.London: Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management. Yokoe, D. S., Anderson, D. J., Berenholtz, S. M., Calfee, D. P., Dubberke, E. R., Ellingson, K. D., ... Lo, E. (2014). A compendium of strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 updates.American journal of infection control,42(8), 820-828.

Love Is As Strong As Atlas free essay sample

In reflecting on the events of my life that have impacted me, I find that love has been the most victorious of all. Love, a small four letter word, is strong enough to bring forth a life of happiness or sorrow. Its strength exceeds the strength of atlas, who has had to carry the world on his shoulders for eternity. Love is hardworking, loyal, and shown imperceptibly at times. My immense luck has had me bond and wrapped inside of love’s protective arms since birth. The fear and bitterness of being a single parent did not dim Love’s spirits for her strength can stand the test of times, thanks to her faith, my mother is what I call Love. When Daddy preformed his magical Houdini act of now you see him now you don’t, love was all I had. Love was like the pacifier that you give to a crying baby at night. We will write a custom essay sample on Love Is As Strong As Atlas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Love was my comfort, my consolation, love was my life. My mother tried hard to diverge the aiming question, Where’s daddy? The answer was always accompanied by a present and a â€Å"hey baby I was thinking of going to Chuck E cheese today, would you like that?’ unaware of the distraction that has just been unleashed, I would jump into my mother’s arms, while smiling and giggling the whole way. The unknowing mind of a child is a precious thing, Vulnerable, innocent and pure. The answer to that grueling question was just fine back then. But with age, comes realization. With realization comes the truth, and with the truth, comes hurt. But love was always there to endure the pain right along with me. Love, or my mother as I call her, is my biggest influence because of her strength and selflessness. She embodies all the qualities that I value in a person. She has nurtured me into a caring, dedicated, patient, and strong young woman. I did not have two parents in my household but the love that she expressed to my sister and I was just as much. She has influenced me to be a loving and caring person because that is what people in this world need. I could not imagine what I would have done if I didn’t have anyone by my side when I endured those long nights of wondering why daddy never came home. If everyone had someone to love and care for them, then the world would be a much better place. I realize the helpful impact of the comfort and love she gave to me, so I want to do the same. That is why I love making people feel loved and meaningful. I love to make people smile. Smiling brings forth happiness, and happiness brings forth peace, and peace is what we all need in this crazy world. That is why Love, my mother, is the biggest influence on my life and who I have become.

The Davids A Comparison Essays - Books Of Samuel, David, Donatello

The Davids: A Comparison The David's: A Comparison From 1430 to 1623A.D., four sculptures of the Biblical David were created. From the master artists Bernini, Donatello, Michelangelo, and Verrocchio came the most famous David's of the world. Even though infinitely many were made, these surpass the others to become marvels that will live forever. The earliest of the David's, is the work of Donatello(c.1430). This magnificent work is a life-size, nude, bronze, figure of David. The sculpture is portraying the scene after David has cut off the head of Goliath. His foot is raised on the severed head in a stance of contropposto. His sword is in the right hand with the stone in the left. This very smooth and natural looking sculpture was originally part of Medici courtyard and is the only David of the four created for a private collection. There are a few symbolic ingredients to this David. The style of the figure refers to antiquity for the balance and composition of the nude. Energy in the sculpture animates the emotions and is a new technique used in this David, once again showing qualities from antiquity. This energy is not used in the other figures. In addition, Donatello's David is said to host homosexual overtones, in the feministic appearance of the body and the stance. Overall, this version of the biblical hero is elegantly designed and the originality is fascinating. Verrocchio's David (c.1473-75A.D.) greatly differs from those of the other artists'. This statue was commissioned by the Medici family, like that of Donatello's. However, it was created for public display. It was in the Palazzo Vecchio, where it gained almost a republican or city-related meaning similar to the reputation that the David of Donatello gained, after it was also moved to the same site. The similarity stops here. The proudness shows that the hero was well capable of slaying the giant where Donatello's shows almost no emotion. The explicitness of the emotion contrasts greatly with the sensualness of Donatello's. Verrocchio's is fully clothed in elegant armor when Michelangelo's and as well as Donatello's were vulnerable in their nudity. In Verrocchio's sculpture, David carries a small sword in one hand and his other is on his hip confidently. This figure shows a nice S-curve and a stance of contropposto. Standing above the head of the giant, the sculpture takes place after the slaying of Goliath. The facial expression show triumph and most of all confidence. Therefore, this work shows psychological implications. However, it was meant to be more appreciated for its exceptional bronze sheen. The gigantic David by Michelangelo (c.1501-04A.D.) is an unquestionable masterpiece. It was originally commissioned as a decoration for the Florence Cathedral. Since the sculpture was so majestic, it was decided to be displayed in a closer, more visible area. It was finally moved in front of Piazza della Signoria, where it would replace a sculpture of Donatello's. This David is a full nude that shows David before battle. The face is in profile; he has a slingshot in the left hand and a stone in the right. The face shows extreme emotion which pulls it away from the classical genre. The design and stance of the figure has a confidence and arrogance that matched that of its creator, Michelangelo. This version of the hero was looked to as a potent symbol in Florence, resembling the Biblical beliefs along with the fusion of civic beliefs. This is very unlike the symbolism of Donatello's. The nudity symbolizes that David's platonic love and belief in God protected him. Michelangelo's David is an incredible representation of both the Bible story, in that it closely follows the scripture, and reason, in the references to Greek philosophy. Thus also symbolizing that reason and faith (Christianity) can coexist. Finally, Bernini's David (c.1623A.D.) conquers all in the expression of emotion. This public sculpture has a face full of determination and struggling. The exaggerated S-curve of the figure shows movement as David is throwing the stone. None of the other three sculptures give insight during the battle with the giant. Also, Bernini's David is clothed in a tunic and is carrying a pouch of some sort. He's holding the rock and slingshot as in action while his feet are firmly planted in the ground. This is certainly the most dramatic and realistic portrayal of David. Bernini's objective was not like the other artists of the David's. His objective was drama. The symbolism is that of moments in his lifetime. An example of this would be the harp at his feet, depicting his abandonment of his music when he went to fight Goliath. The armor at his feet showed that

Free Essays on The Most Embarasing Moment

The most embarrassing moment in my life happened in the restaurant one decade ago. I promised to four of my good friends that I will treat them with nice dinner in the best restaurant in the city if I get the promotion I was expecting. When that long awaited moment finally arrived, we all gathered on the warm summer Saturday night at the â€Å"Vesuvio†, Italian restaurant located in the heart of down town, with reputation of having the best Italian food in the whole country. â€Å"Vesuvio† was a pleasant upscale restaurant with the big hanging, mushroom-shaped lights and heavy wooden tables covered with traditional white tablecloths. We had some great time that night, telling jokes and remembering good high-school days over pasta, shrimps and pizzas. When handsome waiter brought our bill, I proudly reached for my black oversized purse to take my red leather wallet out of it. I did not find it right away, so I nervously shuffled the numerous items in my purse. I l ooked again, and again and still could not find it. I turned my purse up-side-down. At that time my Clinique make up bag landed on the table followed by the car keys, some photos, bunch of store receipts, my new sunglasses, but no sign of the wallet. After a short while I gave up and totally embarrassed and rather red-faced admitted to my friends that I accidentally left it at home. They started teasing me saying that since I invited them, I should pay even if I had to stay in the restaurant’s kitchen washing the dishes. However, the restaurant saga ended with my friends paying for the dinner. Furthermore, they never wanted me to pay them back. Even though my most embarrassing moment happened almost 10 years ago, they still tease me for that. Needless to say, I have never went back to â€Å"Vesuvio† again.... Free Essays on The Most Embarasing Moment Free Essays on The Most Embarasing Moment The most embarrassing moment in my life happened in the restaurant one decade ago. I promised to four of my good friends that I will treat them with nice dinner in the best restaurant in the city if I get the promotion I was expecting. When that long awaited moment finally arrived, we all gathered on the warm summer Saturday night at the â€Å"Vesuvio†, Italian restaurant located in the heart of down town, with reputation of having the best Italian food in the whole country. â€Å"Vesuvio† was a pleasant upscale restaurant with the big hanging, mushroom-shaped lights and heavy wooden tables covered with traditional white tablecloths. We had some great time that night, telling jokes and remembering good high-school days over pasta, shrimps and pizzas. When handsome waiter brought our bill, I proudly reached for my black oversized purse to take my red leather wallet out of it. I did not find it right away, so I nervously shuffled the numerous items in my purse. I l ooked again, and again and still could not find it. I turned my purse up-side-down. At that time my Clinique make up bag landed on the table followed by the car keys, some photos, bunch of store receipts, my new sunglasses, but no sign of the wallet. After a short while I gave up and totally embarrassed and rather red-faced admitted to my friends that I accidentally left it at home. They started teasing me saying that since I invited them, I should pay even if I had to stay in the restaurant’s kitchen washing the dishes. However, the restaurant saga ended with my friends paying for the dinner. Furthermore, they never wanted me to pay them back. Even though my most embarrassing moment happened almost 10 years ago, they still tease me for that. Needless to say, I have never went back to â€Å"Vesuvio† again....

Conceptual Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conceptual Framework - Essay Example The disruptive innovation theory describes the process by which a product or service takes root initially in the market, in the form of uncomplicated applications, and then moves up the market in a relentless manner. The new product disrupts the entire market and existing value network and as well displaces the earlier technology and competitors. A disruptive innovation allows the whole population access to a whole new product that was initially historically accessible to a specific set of consumer with a lot of money. Business or companies can also be disruptive, and when in this nature the expected characteristics would be that, at least in the initial stages, of smaller target markets, lower gross margin, and products or services that may appear simple and unattractive solutions when compared to the traditional performance metrics (Fannin, 2012). Usually companies tend to innovate faster even than the rate at which their customers’ lives change. In such instances, an organization would end up eventually producing the products and services that are too expensive, good, and inconvenient for most of the customers. Pursuit of sustainable innovation has perpetuated what has helped companies historically to be established in new market such as India and succeed in their production endeavors. Ideally, companies have unwittingly, in most occasions, opened their doors to disruptive innovations and not sustaining innovation which in itself does not lead to the creation of new markets or value networks but, evolve the existing ones with better value. Generally, according to this theory, companies that are well managed and quick to respond to their clientele and have exceptional research and improvement can be impaired by disruptive innovation (Evans, 2002). The relation of this theory to my study is based on the apprehension of the actuality that, in India, new companies have sprang up in the recent past that have introduced new products in

Low Birth Weight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Low Birth Weight - Essay Example This paper focuses upon Low Birth Weight as a very serious issue with respect to newborns due to a number of complications that such babies face. These may include the tendency of such babies to be susceptible to infections as their immune system may not be very well developed. Serious health problems such as breathing difficulties, jaundice and heart problems are just a few of the factors that babies born having low birth weight may have to face. In some cases these babies may also suffer â€Å"from internal bleeding (bleeding in the brain), very thick blood (polycythaemia) or excessive red blood cells in the blood, low body temperature, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), intestinal problems, vision problems, etc.† The mortality weight of babies having low birth weights is also very high. Studies have shown that later on in life babies that have been born with low birth weight are very likely to suffer from type 2 diabetes and obesity. It is owing to all these important factors that the causes leading to low birth weight should be figured out and analyzed. Health experts have emphasized upon the well-being of the expectant mother’s health and welfare and have related it directly to the wellness of her expected child. In some situations it has been observed that though the baby may have been born at full time but still the weight of the baby is lower than the average weight of babies born at full term. With respect to the threats to the expected baby’s health one of the basic factors that is bought into consideration is the tendency of the expectant mother to smoke. ... Two of these factors that have been chosen for further research and study currently are: Does ethnic background of mother affect her baby? Does smoking by the expectant mother effect the baby? Previous studies in the same regard have shown interesting results. Many a researchers have looked up the statistics regarding this topic. Sala, Matheus and Lopes (2006) state in their titled ‘Influence of Ethnicity on the Human Term Placenta’ that the native mothers had more tendency to accommodate any capillary changes in the placentas of mothers-to-be for the growing baby as compared to mothers belonging to other ethnic backgrounds. Low Birth Weight Issue Low Birth Weight is often considered as a very serious issue with respect to newborns due to a number of complications that such babies face. These may include the tendency of such babies to be susceptible to infections as their immune system may not be very well developed. Serious health problems such as breathing difficulties , jaundice and heart problems are just a few of the factors that babies born having low birth weight may have to face. In some cases these babies may also suffer â€Å"from internal bleeding (bleeding in the brain), very thick blood (polycythaemia) or excessive red blood cells in the blood, low body temperature, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), intestinal problems, vision problems, etc.† (Buzzle, 2012). The mortality weight of babies having low birth weights is also very high. Studies have shown that later on in life babies that have been born with low birth weight are very likely to suffer from type 2 diabetes and obesity. It is owing to all these important factors that the causes leading to low birth weight should be figured out and analyzed. CURRENT DOMAIN OF

Education vs. Non-Education Essay Example for Free

Education vs. Non-Education Essay There are two important stories called, Front Seat Brahman and Teachers of Import that have a common conflict. That common conflict is education vs. non-education. The character in Front Seat Brahman is Sushil Rao. He is from Bombay, India. The characters in The Teachers of Import are Amarel Collymore and Elke Walcher. Amarel is from Bridgetown, Barbados and Elke is from Austria. They all moved to Queens, New York for a particular reason. Sushil did not mention whether or not he went to elementary or high school. However, from the story it sounds like he took school lightly compared to Amarel and Elke. Sushil states, I went away to agriculture college to learn how to be a farmer, but they made me dissect frogs in a botany class so I quite. So I enrolled in a philosophy college. A year later, my father died and I was kind of out of control. I quite college and became a traveling hippie (Lehrer/ Sloan, 32). This proves that he did try to go to college, but was not dedicated enough to finish college. He thought there were better opportunities and prospects out in the world than just going to college. That was not the case for Amarel and Elke. Amarel was a college graduate and taught high school English. She had decades of teaching experience and decided to come to New York. Elke was also a college graduate and taught science. Both teachers came to teach in New York because there was a shortage of teachers and the New York City Board of Education was looking to recruit teachers from different countries. Amarel was not used to the students behavior the first week of classes. She states, In Barbados, if a student acts up, they get put out the door right away. When I first started teaching here I thought the kids were raging all the time. Then I figured out its just normal for them to curse and swear (Lehrer/ Sloan, 55). This shows the differences between the way students act in Barbados vs. America. I think American students, depending on the school though; have very low respect for their teachers compared to certain countries. Elke had a different experience. She said, Its a prejudice Europeans have against blacks anyways. The movies give the impression that all blacks are criminals and they all live in the Bronx. I couldnt believe the class was half black. Most of the guys are wearing gang jackets and bandanas (Lehrer/ Sloan, 59). This proves that Elke was in for a big surprise and they were not like the Austrian students that she was used to. Sushil was more of a spiritual person rather than educational. For example Sushil says, You can live without food for days at a time. But water you need almost every four hours. Water is like diamonds. Our life depends on it (Lehrer/ Sloan, 36)! People know they cannot live without water, but I have never heard anyone phrase is quite like that. This shows that Sushil is such a deep and meaningful man. Sushil has such a great view of life and appreciates it so much more than the average American. The two teachers and Sushil make the education vs. non-education conflict have some similarities and differences. The two teachers take such great pride in their work as teachers. Just as Sushil takes pride in sharing his stories with people, cooking and his publishing company. He did not need college to succeed like Amarel and Elke, but the women definitely make education a big part of their lives. These are just two different views these people have. In a way, Sushil was teaching the people in the cabs about his country and his beliefs, just as the two teachers teacher their students. Sushil does not mention how education is portrayed in India, but according to Amarel and Elke teachers are very well respected and getting an education is very highly though of. The two teachers were not sure they wanted to stay in New York or go back home and teach. In the end, they did both want to stay. Amarel concludes with, Ive gotten accustomed to these kids. The Lord brought me here for something. I am not yet sure what it is. I know now if I hate to, I could teach anywhere. But Id like to teach here again next year if I can (Lehrer/ Sloan, 57). Elke concludes with, Teaching is a calling. If you do it just for the money you wont last. Especially in New York. Some of the teachers look at me like Im nuts whenever I talk with great enthusiasm for teaching (Lehrer/ Sloan, 61). This show that both teachers are now getting used to the idea that they can help these students and teach them to respect teachers more. They both succeeded in the end. Sushil also succeeded even though he did not go to college and education was not a part of his life. He was starting to make dinners for his friend and all his friends. Then Sushil and his friend started up a publishing company together. That proved he did not need a professional education. He was poetic and creative and that made him a success.

Life Without the Sun

Life Without the Sun According to scientist the sun is the nearest star to earth the only planet believed to be inhabited by the living creatures. This natural alignment is mysterious and it is hard to explain why the star is placed in such a position. The earth is a planet and it revolves around the sun leading to a series of seasonal changes. Science tells us that the gravity of the sun is the one responsible in holding the earth in its current position. The seasonal changes caused by the revolution of the earth have had tremendous effects in the lives of creatures living on earth as well as the physical terrain of the planet. Plants on earth which are the primary producers in the food chain rely on the light from the sun to manufacture their own food through the process of photosynthesis. In these case the light from the together with chlorophyll a pigment in green plants undergo a series of some chemical reactions that lead to manufacturing of food by the plants.(Kenneth 2006) Consumers which are made of various animals and micro organisms rely entirely on plants for food. The sense we get here shows that without plants, it is difficult for consumers to live. Since the sun is the primary source of light that is needed by plants to survive, then it is very important because plants apparently form the basis for life here on earth. Plants which make up forests will attract rainfall that will ensure that human beings survive. Water is a very important requirement to all animals and plants in this world. People need water for both domestic and industrial uses. Without water it will be impossible to cook food, wash bath and drink. Plants need water to grow well and to produce the best yields. Food crops like fruits beans potatoes and corn need water in order to grow well. Water is also needed for industrial use like generation of hydro electric power, supplying industries that engage in very important activities like manufacturing and processing of various products that we may need in our every day life situation. Water from the rain can also be harvested to be used in irrigating dry lands to produce subsistence food. Animals also need water whether domestic or wild. Pastoral communities rely on livestock as a lively hood and if these animals do not get enough water the live of the pastoral communities in danger.(Kenneth 2006) Apart from these effects on plants, the sun also has some direct benefits on animals. For instance it provides warmth, source of vitamin D, source of light, source of solar energy, act as a stellar cue to migrating birds and animals. The sun also has let to economic benefits especially in the tropics where tourist allover the world troop to these places to enjoy the warmth provided by the sun. Tourists earns foreign income to a country that will create employment opportunities to the locals of tropical countries. In conclusion, the sun is has a lot of benefits that if there was no sun then it means that life could not be there. In simple terms the sun is life.

College Trendy Travesty

Alcohol abuse during teenage and early adolescence which is heavy enough could mean withdrawal symptoms surfacing during cessation of drinking. It could also lead to the impairment or diminishing of performance of the brain as accounted by poor memory and attention span.These impairments are caused by malfunction of the brain, as caused by excessive alcohol misuse.   The travesty on the enthusiasm on the ‘dreadful beverage’ is outrageously spreading in the perceptions of college students, hence not knowing the painful effects it may bring an individual in the later life.Problems related to alcohol consumption were reported to be continuously increasing.Alcohol related problems need an early recognition and treatment to avoid the negative effects such as health and social dysfunction. This study will be conducted to determine the prevalence of problems on alcohol consumption specifically it seeks to answer the following question: what is the prevalence of alcohol abuser s in the sample population using  Ã‚   biological markers, CAGE questionnaire, and socio-demographic information and the relationship existing among these parameters as indicators of alcohol abuse?The null hypothesis of the study states that there is no prevalence of alcohol abusers in the sample population using biological markers, CAGE questionnaires and socio-demographic information and there is no relationship existing among these parameters as indicators of alcohol consumption and abuse.The alternative hypothesis in one hand states that the prevalence of alcohol abusers in the sample population using biological markers, CAGE questionnaires and socio-demographic information and there is a relationship existing among these parameters as indicators of alcohol consumption and abuse. Alcohol abusers are said to be those who consume above 30-50 grams pure alcohol per day and exhibit CDT as the most abundant transferring.Analysis: Sociological Implication of Alcohol AbuseAs thorough ly noted in researches made by sociologists, problems concerning drug and alcohol abuse are becoming rampant. In almost all parts of the globe, drug and alcohol-related problems have been reported to increase making such problem a totally global crisis.  Ã‚   With the implemented policies regarding the control and the prohibition of patronizing most abused drugs, the global community has really doing its task to eliminate such crisis and to preserve peace and order in the world.However, no matter how the global community does its goal of eliminating the problems on drug and alcohol abuse, it seems that merely punishing those who manufacture, sell and distribute prohibited drugs is not really sufficient to completely solve the problems on drug abuse. Likewise, only reminding the public of what alcohol abuse can bring to individuals is literally inadequate to minimize the cases of alcohol abuse.In order to fully address the problems on drug and alcohol abuse, all must do their part in the pursuit of solving it. The government and even other institutions could never really do such undertaking by themselves only. Involvement and participation of the people are the most necessary and integral part of it. Only when all the concerned factors and elements act upon the total elimination of drug and alcohol-related problems could such crisis be truly cured.

Unjust Persecution as a Major Theme in to Kill a Mockingbird

To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee is a novel takes place over the course of three years in which Scout Finch learns about life as she grows older. Throughout the book, many themes are revealed. One of the most obvious reccurring themes is the unjust persecution of the innocent. This theme is expressed through the victimization of guiltless characters such as Tom Robinson, Boo Radley, and even the mockingbirds. Tom Robinson is an African American man living in the south in the 1930's, a time when blacks were treated very poorly by the white population.Tom was accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white nineteen year old girl. Although there was no evidence against Tom and it was clear that he did not commit the crime, the jury found him guilty of rape. Tom was unjustly persecuted because it was popular belief during that time that all African Americans were liars. Tom Robinson's conviction expresses the theme of the persecution of the innocent in the sense that he was imprisoned for a crime he did not commit solely because of the color of his skin.Boo Radley is another character who was victimized because of something he could not control. Boo Radley was emotionally damaged by his harsh father as a young boy and was forced to live as a recluse, never coming out of his house. Boo most likely suffered from a social or mental disorder that made him appear unfriendly and standoffish. Most of the townspeople in Maycomb knew very little about Boo but assumed and made up things about him. People said he went out at night when the moon was down, and peeped in windows†¦ Any stealthy small crimes committed in Maycomb were his work†¦ A baseball hit into the Radley yard was a lost ball and no questions asked† (Lee 9). Although the townspeople did not know Boo personally, his necessary reclusiveness gave him the reputation of a menacing sociopath who committed crimes. When Scout and Jem met and got to know Boo Radley, they learned that the reputation was a fal se one and Boo Radley was a victim of the persecution of the innocent.Finally, the motif of the mockingbird also represents the unjust persecution of the innocent. When Scout and Jem received rifles for Christmas, Atticus explained to them that they were free to shoot all the blue jays they wanted, but it was a sin to kill a mockingbird. Calpurnia explained further, â€Å"Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy†¦ they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That's why it's a sin to kill a mockingbird† (Lee 103). Calpurnia's explanation emphasized the immorality of persecuting someone or something that is innocent and is not capable of defending itself.The allusion to the title symbolized the unjust persecution of Boo Radley and Tom Robinson, who were both innocent and unable to defend themselves. Throughout To Kill A Mockingbird, the theme of the unjust persecution of the innocent is shown through multiple characters. The theme is exhi bited in Tom Robinson's conviction, Boo Radley's inaccurate reputation, and the immorality of killing a mockingbird. Through this theme, the novel teaches its readers of the injustice of victimizing those who are blameless.

Biography of the Benjamin Franklin

Biography of the Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin is among the founding fathers of the United States of America. Although not originating from a politically influential family, he solely worked hard to become the cream of the elite class. As the pioneer of electricity, he experimented and wrote on different subjects in the field, which the American society still recognizes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Biography of the Benjamin Franklin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through hard work, profound innovations, and proposals, he won governmental positions, which drew him close to the political class and other leaders building a concrete American economy. Franklin’s skills and tactics in carrying out diplomatic relations represented a unique American personality. As a fearless, visionary leader, he symbolizes liberty, enlightenment, economy, and unity, which represents the American character. Descriptively, Benjamin Franklin was a father fig ure, leader, politician, writer, scientist, inventor, and philanthropist among other qualities that a one person hardly posses. Besides heading a smooth family, he struggled to contribute to the attainment of independence of the US. Franklin stove and electricity harnessing are some of the innovations under his name. His character as a bold person and a diplomat qualified him for an achiever of the society. Through his tremendous contribution to the American politics and economy, Benjamin developed a solid relationship with the United States of America. Franklin’s father migrated to America in 1635 where he married his second wife after the death of the first one. Therefore, becoming an American citizen by birth, Franklin established solid roots in America. At the tender age of twelve, he learned printing skills, which motivated him to develop writing skills eventually becoming a publisher and a leader. Franklin’s skills in diplomacy not only led to independence of the US, but also to the unification of the different states of America. His government duty as a diplomatic official and an ambassador led to the establishment of the American constitution and American flag and currency, which was unique among all the nations. Franklin is a symbol of American economy, currency, constitution, and politics. Due to his accomplishments in the education sector, America has produced the best scientists and inventors all over the world. As a diplomat, he called for peace among nations like Britain, the US, and France. Moreover, he united the thirteen states of America to create a solitary nation. Consequently, during Franklin’s time, the US was at peace, which led to the establishment of communication, transport facilities, and other industries. Economically, he is the pioneer of the American currency, which explains the presence of his portrait on it. Furthermore, he was a player in the team that wrote the constitution of the US, which is the basis fo r the bearing political stability that the US enjoys even in the contemporary times. Thus, in the contemporary society, Franklin is a symbol of the strong American economy, which rarely dwindles.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The aforementioned contributions of Franklin not only to the US, but also to the entire world categorize him as a courageous, bright, and tactful person. Contemporarily, he is the American character and decades later, nobody has risen to match his personality. He solely combined different disciplines ranging from social, political, economical, and scientific, which culminated into a superpower. In summary, Benjamin Franklin was a unique person that the world ever experienced. His ability to combine all disciplines enabled him to develop the nation of United States of America. He is a symbol of the concrete American economy, which is at the brim of the world’s economy. Truly, his intellectual abilities typify the American character.

10 Important Steps to Become a Travel Nurse

10 Important Steps to Become a Travel Nurse Want to be a nurse, but also want to travel? If you think that shorter term temporary jobs might be the best fit for your lifestyle and career, this might be a good field for you- and valuable work experience. If you think being a travel nurse is for you, here are ten steps to breaking into travel nursing.1. Get the educationStep one is getting the required education for the job. You’ll need a high school diploma or GED, plus completion of an accredited nursing program at the college level. In order to pass the required NCLEX exam, you’ll need at least an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) or an ASN, which you can get in 2-3 years. Though you might wish to bump it up to a full on Bachelor’s degree in Nursing (BSN), which more and more hospitals will start to require. If you’re short on time or funds, start with an Associate’s and move on if you need a BSN further down your path.2. Take the NCLEXYou’ll need to pass this exam before you proceed. This is required in order to qualify as an RN or licensed private nurse. The test is administered by the NCSBN.3. Get experienceYou’ll need hands-on nursing experience- usually a minimum of one year before a hospital will consider you for specialty jobs or assignments. That’s the bare minimum. Most places will ask for 2-3 years experience. Before choosing a specialty or a first job to acquire your much needed experience, consider the following most in demand specialties: ICU, ER, MS, MS/TELE, TELE, OR, LD, PACU, CVICU, Cath Lab, PEDS, PICU, NICU, Case Management, SDU, PCU, CVOR, PostPartum, Mother Baby, and Home Health. And if you want to travel, consider moving to one of the 24 states that honor the Nurse Licensure Compact. This will make sure your license is valid in whichever state you’re sent to work in. 24 possibilities!4. Figure out your tax situationYou’ll need to qualify for tax-free compensation by maintaining a legitimate tax home. Here are two valuable resources to help you learn just how to do that: Qualifying for Tax Free Stipends and Deductions As a Travel Nurse, andEverything Travel Nurses Need to Know about Taxes, Stipends and Tax-Free Money. Remember, if you don’t qualify for tax-free compensation, you will be asked to pay income taxes on that money at the end of every year.5. Figure out what you wantFigure out where you would (and wouldn’t) want to travel and which type of hospitals you’d most like to work in before you start applying. This will help you figure out which agencies to use to find your jobs.6. Figure out how much you want to makeDifferent agencies offer different packages and perks. Figure out which matter most to you: housing, travel stipend, benefits, 401k, rental cars, etc. Also make sure you have a solid understanding of how travel nursing pay packages are structured, as it’s very different from traditional salaried compensation. Make a strategy for how to compare diff erent pay packages before choosing. And make sure to do all this before you start applying.7. Start looking for agenciesOnce you know what you want, you’ll know which agencies can help you get it. There are services like Highway Hypodermics, or Travel Nursing Central that rate agencies’ success. You can also try a lead generator, a website that will connect you to â€Å"top agencies† by passing your information on to those agencies. But networking is also a good strategy. Ask your colleagues for referrals. And make sure to sign up for BluePipes, a professional networking site for healthcare pros. When you hear from an agency, make sure to ask the right questions about whether they can get you want you need before signing on.8. Make your profileEvery hospital will require an extensive application submission from you and your agency. Use BluePipes to tailor and control your submission profile and spare yourself some redundant paperwork.9. Get your papers togetherY ou’ll need to make sure all of your certifications and qualifications are up to date and ready to be delivered to a new employer STAT. Agencies will often help coordinate this- plus medical records- but it’s always a good idea to have your own set ready to go at all times. Never lose out on a job because of paperwork.10. Get hiredFinally it’s time to start submitting to jobs, preparing for interviews, signing contracts. Make sure to negotiate for what you need- and do some research into the peculiarities of travel healthcare compensation negotiation before you attempt this.Once you get your first gig, you’re well on your way! Congratulations, you’re a travel nurse.

Understanding the Biochemistry of BSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Understanding the Biochemistry of BSE - Essay Example Amino acids involved include Alanine, Valine and Leucine (Branden & Tooze, 1999). Hydrogen Bonds: Hydrogen bonds are formed when a hydrogen is shared by two partially charged atoms of an amino acid side chain. An example is interaction between the Aspartate and Serine; Oxygen in Asp carries a partial negative charge and Hydrogen in Serine carries a partial positive charge. The two interact forming a hydrogen bond (Branden & Tooze, 1999). Ionic Bonds: Ionic bonds are formed among polar side chains of amino acids. Opposite (Negative and Positive) charges interact to form an ionic bond. An example is interaction between positively charged Arginine and negatively charged Glutamate to form an ionic bond (Branden & Tooze, 1999). Chaperone proteins bind to newly synthesized protein and ensure that the newly synthesized protein is properly folded into its anticipated structure. In Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, the prion PrPSc (Prion protein Scrapie Associated) acts as the chaperone for normal cellular protein PrPC (MeganSimmer, 2006). As a chaperone, PrPSc binds to newly synthesized cellular protein PrPC and induces folding. The ÃŽ ±-helical PrPC is misfolded into an abnormal ÃŽ ²-pleated sheet conformation PrPSc. This new conformation is lethal and the known cause of neurodegenerative Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or Mad Cow Disease (Hargrove, 2010). Compared to other chaperones, PrPSc induces conformational changes that yields a protein with a structure identical to itself. The resultant protein is disease causing in nature. Other chaperones, example Hsp60 and Hsp70 give off functional proteins of independent secondary and tertiary structure after proper folding (Branden & Tooze, 1999) (Hargrove, 2010). Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or Mad cow disease is caused by misfolding of normal cellular prion PrPC. This misfold is induced by the disease causing prion PrPSc. Prions (abbreviation for ‘Proteinaceous

Biases and Judgments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biases and Judgments - Essay Example The decision entailed reflection aimed at enhancing the progress of the organization and improve performance. These decisions also promote efficiency in the staff and management. This decision could act as the basis of action since the policies could be implemented (Salaman, 2001). Emotions can influence the decisions that the management of an enterprise makes. Emotions can affect rational decision making; those who follow emotions make irrational decisions. As such, businesses should not come up with decisions based on emotionality as the decisions, may have a negative impact. Fairness should prevail while making decisions; all departments within an organization should be treated equally (Yates, 2003). According to Salaman (2001), reflective decision making includes examination, contemplation, critical meditation and analytical thoughts when making decisions. Therefore, reflective decision makers ensure that managers critically analyze the decisions they make. Reflection means that the decisions have to be given a deep thought before implementation; implementers take their time before coming up with the decision. On the other hand, expedient decision making entails solving problems that require immediate solutions. Expedient decisions mainly stem from the need for them; business organizations mainly make them when need to do so arise. For example, an organization may decide to lay off employees instantly. Yates (2003) asserts that biases may arise when making decisions; they include dependency on one form of information where decisions makers tend to over rely on one course of action. Other biases may include overconfidence on the decisions made and selective gathering of informat ion. Thus, in conclusion, the essay has discussed business decision making. It has addressed the role of decision making, which enhances progress in a business. Emotions and biases have a negative impact on the decisions made; they may lead to poor

Evaluation of TV show or movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation of TV show or movie - Essay Example But as the new episodes are aired, the personalities which we have assigned to each characters seems to be invalid when different mishaps at the firm arisesand the characters are on an emotional roller coaster ride, revealing their true selves to the audience. Although on the surface, the serial outlines the show having uncaring and unemotional characters but involvement of one young and sympathetic associate attorney have them questioning their ways, bringing out their uncertainty and feelings and evoking their allegiance which makes all the ladies in the audience gush out â€Å"Oh my God, Harvey is such a darling!†. Hence, Suits depicts faithfulness, trust and loyalty as a medium to achieve a feat and not only competence. Played by a skilled actor Gabriel Macht, Harvey Specter is a self-centered and unemotional man whose main concern is winning for which he can do anything, but as we approach season two we see that to keep his associate, Mike Ross - who does not clear the eligibility of the job, in the firm he goes to great length by threatening to leave his job if the kid got fired, which illustrated the care he had for his associate. Moreover, in the mid of the same seasonin a critical situation where Harvey is to be disbarred on the accusation by his enemy for burying evidences, he teams up with the firm’s former managing director Daniel Hardman (who again gets involved in the firm after his wife died), whom he regard as an enemy, rather than voting for Jessica’s decision of going to a trial because that would jeopardize everyone in the firm, showing his loyalty and commitment to the organization. Similarly, in the same manner it is revealed in the upcoming season that being in compa ny of his associate; Harvey is starting to value those things, which initially were nuisance to him. Moving to the female leading character, Jessica Pearson is a hard woman who will go to any length to keep her surname on the wall of the firm

Wynn Resort Essay Example for Free

Wynn Resort Essay Executive Summary 1.) Purpose To know if what is the overall strategy of Steve Wynn to make Wynn Resorts, Ltd. on the right track and quite a remarkable company. 2.) Statement of the Problem There are three problems which I found out in the case, and these are the three challenges that Wynn will have to face, and the future may throw some curveballs along the way. First is need to secure a way to maintain the competitive advantage as increased competition is introduce both domestically and abroad into the gaming industry. Second, The Macau government reserves the right to take control of the Wynn Casino in 2017; this would be detrimental to the profits for the company, and some solutions will need to be devised to ensure that the survival of the company is not majorly dependent on the revenues generated by Wynn Macau resort and casino. A third concern about future success, but certainly not the final concern, is the loss of Steve Wynn himself. Losing Steve Wynn would mean losing his expertise, passion and governmental ties. In the most likely scenario, a loss of Steve Wynn may result in the sale of the firm to a competing company, such as MGM Inc. 3.) Alternative Courses and Actions Wynn must focus on differentiating the company by concentrating on the atmosphere and design of the resorts. Wynn Rsort must enhance customers service and luxury as full-service provider. 4.) Recommendation Wynn must not only focus to target high-end gaming customers, but he must also offer affordable goods and services to the middle-income clients. This segment includes vacationers and younger people looking for relatively inexpensive place to say with the understanding that most of their budget will go to dining and entertainment. Methods of Analysis 1. SWOT Analysis SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths 1. The greatest operational strength Wynn Resorts, Ltd. has is the founder himself, Steve Wynn. 2. The resort has earned AAA five diamond, Mobil five-star, Forbes five-star, and Michelin five star ratings for hotel, as well as one Michelin star for restaurant Wing Lei, and is considered to be one of the finest hotels in the world. 3. One of Wynn Resorts’ greatest marketing strength is strategic development of its product. The product that Wynn sells is a luxury destination experience that makes customers feel pampered and value through high-quality amenities and customer service. 4. Steve Wynn is widely considered the â€Å"Father of Luxury Gambling†, and he is largely responsible for the image change and societal perspective change of the city of Las Vegas. | Weaknesses 1. The company’s complete dependence of Steve Wynn is a significant weakness. 2. Focusing solely on the high-end market could be a marketing weakness in that Wynn is missing a large customer base of middle-income clients. 3. Wynn Resorts’ biggest disadvantage is its youth. MGM Resorts and Caesars Entertainment are companies with history and territory. They have the majority of premier legal gambling locations such as Atlantic city under their thumb and they will create difficult barriers to entry for Wynn Resorts.| Opportunities 1. As the boomers retire, they are spending more money on leisure and recreation, and they are piling into the casinos, this growing represents an opportunity for the gaming industry and for Wynn Resorts specifically. 2. The development of a casino in Macau is a strategic opportunity. 3. Wynn Macau provides the opportunity for cross-marketing with Wynn Las Vegas, because the target market segment in both Wynn Las Vegas and Wynn Macau is high income, customers have resources to travel and vacation in other parts of the world, which can make cross-marketing very effective.| Threats 1. Social norms in the United States differ from those practiced in Macau and should not be universally applied. 2. The ability of the government to take control of the casino at any time it deems appropriate is a significant threat to the success of Wynn Resorts because it could lose control of its operation in Macau. 3. Another threat exists in the possibility of Wynn Resorts, Ltd. being unable to collect on its gaming debts. 4. The loss of Steve Wynn, himself.| Bibliography 1. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Swot-Analysis-Wynn-Ltd-946073.html 2. http://www.investingvalue.com/investment-leaders/steve-wynn/index.html

Money Cannot Substitute Passion :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

Money Cannot Substitute Passion "Tuan, this is the last time I'm going to tell you, you better clean the house." said my father. "I'll do it later," I replied. "Later?" he said. "Why don't you just make some money and hire a maid to do it. Then you don't have to worry about it!" Coming from a blue-collar background, my father constantly reminded me of the importance of money. It was many years ago that he arrived in this country, carrying me in one arm and his hopes and dreams on the other. It was upon arriving in the advertised land of opportunity that he quickly learned that money was the only ticket to upward mobility. It was rough in the beginning. My father was forced to scrape and save in hopes of providing us with a better home. A family of four, we shared a bedroom in which we all slept together, never separated by more than a few inches apart. We did not have much except the daily warmth and undying devotion for one another. Through diligence and sacrifice, his hard work paid off and newfound success smiled upon us, changing our lives forever. As our new home quickly filled with all the luxuries and amenities the newly reaped profits and investments could afford, it seemed to become emptier to me. Money soon became a substitute for our slowly vanishing relationships. Lazy Sundays spent with him at the Japanese gardens feeding goldfish were replaced by late nights at the store and a brand spanking new widescreen television. The once friendly dinner table where our lives were intertwined through bowels of rice porridge and bean sprouts was abandoned for meals in seclusion. We ate not together, but in our own rooms. The doors and the walls sealing us off in our own separate worlds, closing us off from one another, and hence leaving only a bad taste lingering inside of me. It was not until I left home for college that I was able to fully comprehend what was happening. You see, I lived on the inside and my father lived on the outside. Standing on the hilltop of the university, I am able to look out and see all the possibilities my brick and ivy education has opened up for me.

Identify and outline the opportunities of current government

The essay briefly focuses on the delivery of the Healthy Child Programme age 0-19 (HCP DOH 2009) and the â€Å"Giving all children a healthy start† policy by the Department ot Health 2013 (DOH 2013). The government brought the Healthy Child Programme 0-19 years old, out in October 009 (HCP 2009) to support partnerships that work closely with children and their families.The HCP has made a great impact on the way the health professionals work, as it gives them a guideline on how to structure the delivery of care given to the families. Ensuring that appropriate preventative health care and support is given to the more deprived families that require more guidance. On the other hand the â€Å"Giving all children a healthy start in life† Policy (DOH 2013) ims to help children who grow up in the most at risk families and to help parents give their children the best possible care.This policy also embraces the aims of the HCP, as one of its main focuses, is to help children be a s healthy as possible by preventing Illness and encouraging healthy behaviours from pregnancy onwards (DOH 2013). Both these policies make an Immerse dfference In which the health professionals deliver their services, particularly the specialist community public health nurses (SCPHN).As the policies are a guideline for the SCPHN to follow, and to make sure that they are delivering and offering the most appropriate support they can give to their clients with their best ability. References Department of Health (2012) Getting it right for children, young people and families. Department of Health (2013) Giving all children a healthy start in life. Department of Health (2009) Child Programme: from pregnancy to the first five years ‘OF2 Department of Health (2009) Healthy Child Programme: from 5-19 years old.

Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Student: B00227358 University of the West of Scotland Issues Surrounding the Role of Innovation in the Economic Growth Process Introduction The modern world economy shows that the scientific and technological knowledge and innovation are key factors for sustainable economic growth. Much of the competitive advantages that the country holds today derives from the use of scientific knowledge and applied technology become the corporate level to develop new products or services through the management of technological innovation, marketing, and organizational.The world globalization highlights the urgent need for business organizations that produce goods and services for domestic or international market recognize the strategic value of innovation and incorporated into its business management as an instrument or tool that is part of your corporate culture. Innovation is an essential element for any organization in order to survive, grow and significantly influence the direction of any indus try.Development does not; however, guarantee success, but most be followed up with successive streams of innovation and change, from the incremental to the radical. Discussion The most reliable way to be successful in the industry is to innovate better and longer than the competitor, leading companies develops innovation portfolios that they can use to help sustain growth over the long term. Innovation and change is an essential part of any business activity, but only some people recognize its importance and significance.Companies recognize that key factors such as productivity, competitiveness, and productive marketing and organizational efficiency, depend increasingly implement suitable mechanisms to change from the stage knowledge generation (Science and Technology), or import and assimilation of it to the stage of practical application through the process of innovation. In the recent years, entrepreneurship has become the most successful innovation to increase the economical gro wth of the country. Entrepreneurship has long een briefly viewed as a foremost vehicle for financial development and it has captivated investigators from a kind of disciplines with very varied analytical approaches. Audretsch & Thurik, in their paper â€Å"What’s new about the new economy? Sources of growth in the managed and entrepreneurial economies,† demonstrates the change which is being made in the OECD countries. According to them, the reason for this change is the entrepreneurial economy (Audretsch & Thurik, 2001, 267). The paper is an attempt to articulate and identify the differences between the new emerging entrepreneurial economy and the managed economy.According to this paper, there are a total of 14 trade-offs that confronts these two economies. The major economic benefits of European integration will come not through economies of scale, but rather through economies of diversity (Audretsch & Thurik, 2001, 308). The countries that have adopted the entrepren eurial economy have been successful in making additional growth. In another paper, â€Å"Linking entrepreneurship and economic growth,† Wennekers and Thurik looks at the link between the entrepreneurship and the economic growth of a country.The paper concludes that entrepreneurship really matters for the prosperity of a country. In today’s modern world of economics, entrepreneurship plays an essential role in the growth of economy. According to the paper, ICT-revolution and globalization implies the need for a structural change which requires a considerable reallocation of the resources, this increases the demand for entrepreneurship (Wennekers & Thurik, 1999, 140). The Schumpeterian tradition of the analysis which concerns the form, innovation and entrepreneurship is examined in the paper, â€Å"Innovation, entrepreneurship and the firm: a post-Schumpeterian approach. Burton proposes a post- Schumpeterian framework as a remedy for the defects in the Schumpeterian fra mework. The framework presented by Burton is based on four main elements Diffused Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Management; Collaborative Business Arrangements for Knowledge Creation; Knowledge Protection; and Knowledge Creation (Burton, 2001, 7). We can look take assistance from this framework to strengthen the innovation and entrepreneurship in the country. Furthermore, in â€Å"Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM data,† demonstrates the occurrence of the high growth prospective of the new emerging firms.There are different rates of economic growths which have been observed in the country. Not every entrepreneurial start-up contributes to the generating economic growth. It shows that other factors also influence the economic growth of a country. Innovation in science and technology is also an essential part in contributing to the growth of economy in a country. Economic growth is a process through which knowledge is transformed into qualit y goods and services that satisfy human needs (Wong et al, 2005, 335).The companies are the means through which scientific and technological knowledge is applied in a practical way through the production process, and is transformed into goods and services increased level or better quality, which contributes to the economic and social transformation. Organizations need a change of approach, which involves focusing attention on existing technologies that when used on a widespread basis through processes of innovation, can have a significant impact on the UK economy.Most countries recognize the importance of science and technology as tools for economic growth, but many developing countries focus exclusively on the generation of knowledge in basic research support. Countries must adopt strategies to improve the infrastructure of basic services, so that the appropriate level of the same foster technological development necessary to achieve sustained economic growth: Without a decent infr astructure of basic services it is not possible to develop major applications of technology.Many developing countries have made the mistake of not giving enough importance to the training of technicians and technologists, and artisans, which are home to many small and medium enterprises. Today most of the curriculum and curriculum of universities in developing countries have become obsolete (Murray & Blackman, 2006, 132). In an increasingly globalized world requires changes in national policies to incorporate science and technology in the design of economic strategies, in order to achieve: 1. The use of existing technology, using the strategy of â€Å"shadow and fast â€Å"using ICT (information) than is available in the world, 2.Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in technological capability and seek to promote links with other firms in the chain, 3. † Upgrade â€Å"of existing technological capacity in the business sector, 4. Identify market niches and incorporated into the chain 5. To promote international technology partnerships, 6. Using technology foresight methodology in the various sectors (Murray & Blackman, 2006, 132). Among the various fiscal and policy instruments that can be implemented to stimulate technological innovation and boost business ties between the actors.We need to promote intellectual property, promote international cooperation in technology transfer, and promote co-financing for technological innovation and venture capital funds for technological innovation. Other than that encourage the creation and development of small and medium enterprises to promote business development centers and technology incubators, implement technology parks; enhance the technological links with companies in free zones are also very important. There are many issues involved in the role of innovation.For many years, we have tried to understand the relationship between innovation and development in global and in particular its economical dimension. This interest has increased significantly. While this issue has been addressed in the literature at least since the 60's and 70's, is the late 80's and 90's in that discussion has intensified in part by the new avenues that are opening the economy informational. A new technological revolution based largely on information, and spread through the global economy, affects the spatial conformation of economic activities (Uljin, 2003, 15).This is due to the characteristics that result from different combinations of endogenous processes such as fixed capital investment, research and development, education, the advantages in the use of technologies, the economies of scale, the allocation of resources, and a variety of institutional factors that vary between countries. This applies not only within countries but even between regions. The industrial map is diversified, resulting in regional differentiation based on the vocation of the places on those parameters.Innovative industries of the ne w technological revolution do not show a generalized spatial dispersion. On the contrary, are located in regions where they meet the requirements for innovation. Three issues deserve particular attention. First, it increases the importance of knowledge and intelligence as the basic factors of the system. They are the key for access to and ownership of information that feeds the dynamics of innovation by enabling technological transformation and modernization of the economy (Uljin, 2003, 15). Second, it involves growing interdependence among various actors and resources.Among them are companies that make up the economic structure of a region, universities, local government, the labor market, community, entrepreneurship, infrastructure and funding sources. Conclusion This is particularly important as the playing experience with innovation policy has become a panacea for a variety of problems. It is clear that the contexts in which they have successfully implemented these policies cont ain factors that are areas of opportunity for action and that lessons should not be isolated without context.Third, the information economy, enhances the integration between regional and global networks. The paradox of the twentieth century is that, in a global economy, regions and cities become increasingly important, even when they have less power than national governments and are always in constant competition. The regions have enormous advantages to compete globally; from greater flexibility to adapt to changing conditions at the national level can be tackled only with painful effort behind. References Audretsch, A. D. and Thurik, A. R. 2001), â€Å"What’s new about the new economy? Sources of growth in the managed and entrepreneurial economies,† Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 10, No 1, Pp. 267-309 Burton, J. (2001), â€Å"Innovation, entrepreneurship and the firm: a post-Schumpeterian approach,† International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovatio n Management Vol. 1, No. 1, Pp. 7-29 Murray, P. & Blackman, D. (2006), â€Å"Managing Innovation through social architecture, learning, and competencies: a new conceptual approach,† Knowledge and Process Management, 13, 3, Pp. 32-143 Uljin, J. (2003), â€Å"Cultural Conditions of Championing Innovation in International Technology-Driven Firms: Ways of Conceptualisation and Assessment,† ECIS Reseach, Pp. 15-19 Wennekers, S. and Thurik, R. (1999), â€Å"Linking entrepreneurship and economic growth,† Small Business Economics, Vol. 13, No 1, Pp. 140-149 Wong, K. , Ho, Y. P. & Autio, E. (2005), â€Å"Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM data,† Small Business Economics, Vol 24, Pp. 335 – 350

Success of vertebrates The WritePass Journal

Success of vertebrates   Introduction Success of vertebrates   IntroductionReferencesRelated   Introduction Vertebrate mean backbone and every species in the vertebrate classes has a backbone.   Phylum chordatata contains the most familiar species, which includes humans. All chordates have several things in common that occurs in some stage of their development. They have pharynged slits, which are openings that connect the inside of the throat to the outside of the neck. These are often used as gills, and are only present in humans when they are at the early stage of development (foetus). A tail is also present, which extends past the anal opening.   The main feature is the notochord, which is a rod that supports the nerve cord and this is present in all species. The nerve cord is a bundle of nerve fibres which connects the brain to every muscle and organ in the body. These nerve fibres are used to send messages to organs and muscles from the brain. In most species these features disappear with age. There are about 44.000 species in three subphylum’s groups (Matthew Morris15/05/ 2003). Vertebrata is the largest subphylum with the more well known animals such as: mammals, reptiles, fish, aves, amphibians. Every animal with a back bone is present in vertebrate subphylum. All vertebrates have a skeleton of either bone or cartilage and there brain is protected by a bony cranium which consists of three parts. They have well developed hearts with three or four chambers and have a closed circulatory system. There are 41700 species in eight different groups and they are as follows: Amphibia (frogs, salanders), Aves (birds), Cephalaspidomorph (lamprey), chondrichthyes (hag fish), osteichthyes (bony fish) and reptilian (crocodiles, snakes, turtles). Agnatha which are also known as jawless fish is a lower class vertebrate and the best representative for this vertebrate is the marine lamprey (petromyzon). This fish is eel like in its appearance, but much more primitive in its structure than true eels, which are more developed bony fish. The lamprey body is very soft and scale less and its skeleton consist of just cartilage (it lacks bone completely). There are no traces of paired fins and most of all it is completely jawless. The lampreys rounded mouth cup forms an adhesive disc, which it uses to attach to other fish that it preys on as a blood sucker. It has a rough tongue like structure in the mouth that is good substitute for having no jaw bone. There is just one nostril opening which is situated on top of its head, and having a hypophsial pouch combined with it. The gills passages in typical fish are slits, but in the lamprey they are rounded pouches, which are connected by narrow tubes with the pharynx and body surface. Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes) date back to the Devonian period and fossels that were found resembled sharks. The animals of today are made up of about eight hundred species which include; sharks, skates and rays. The cartilaginous fishes got their name from the fact that their skeleton is made of cartilage, not bone. With their gills exposed to sea water, all marine fishes are faced with the problem of conserving body water because Sea water is about 3.5% salt, which is over 3 times that of vertebrate’s blood. The cartilaginous fishes solve that problem by maintaining a high concentration (2.5%) of urea in their blood (which is far higher than the 0.02% of other vertebrates) that is in osmotic balance with sea water. This ability develops late in embryo, so the eggs of these species cannot simply be released in the sea, but there are two solutions to this and they are: Enclose the egg in an impervious case filled with isotonic fluid before depositing it in the sea and, Retain the eggs and embryos within the mothers body until they are capable of coping with the marine environment. Both these solutions require internal fertilization and the cartilaginous fishes were the first vertebrates to develop this. The pelvic fins of the male are modified for depositing sperm in the reproductive tract of the female. Bony Fishes (Osteichthyes) as the name indicates their skeletons are made of bone and they are divided into two groups which are: ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) and lobe-finned fishes (Sarcopterygii). Ray-finned fishes have thin fins that are supported by the spine and there are around thirty thousand species. the only Lobe-finned fishes that are still around today are one possibly two species called coelacanth, which were thought to be extinct and several species of lungfish that are found in Africa, South America, and Australia.In additions to gills, these fishes had a pair of pouched outgrowths from the pharynx which served as lungs. They were inflated with air taken in through the mouth and may have provided a backup gas exchange organ when the water became too warm and stagnant to carry enough dissolved oxygen. Their kidneys were adapted for the hypotonic environment in which they lived.   These animals diversified through the remainder of the Devonian period (which is oft en called the Age of Fishes). Some migrated to the oceans. In this more stable environment, their lungs became transformed into a swim bladder with which they could alter buoyancy. Their kidneys became transformed as well adapting them to their new hypertonic surroundings. The nostrils of bony fishes open only to the outside and are used for smelling. Some of the lobe-finned fishes developed internal openings to their nostrils. This made it possible to breath air with the mouth closed as modern lungfishes do. These rare modern lobe-finned fishes are the sole survivors of once-flourishing groups that also gave rise to the tetrapods - the four-legged vertebrates. In the Devonian (perhaps as early as 395 million years ago), the paired fins of some sarcopterygians moved under the body and developed limbs (complete with digits). This enabled them to venture out on land. So once again, evolution was opportunistic giving rise to the first land vertebrates, the amphibians. Amphibians in its class included all cold blooded species that are in between the evolutionary development of fishes and reptiles. They Include 4 living species which are the frogs, toads, salamanders and newts. Amphibians were the first vertebrates to move from a water habitat to a earthly one, and they are also the ancestors of all reptiles, birds, and mammals. Although there are a few species that live their lives in water, most spend a lot of time on land. Most Amphibians are species of the class Amphibia and are vertebrates easily recognised by their ability to live on land and water. amphibians have an aquatic larval, or tadpole stage that metamorphises into an adult. Amphibians are believed to have evolved from either the lobe-fin fishes (Crossopterygii) or the lungfishes (Dipnoi). These fishes had an advantage over other fishes by the fact that they had lungs. They could breathe on land which ment that when there was a shortage of water they could use there fins to pull thems elves onto to land to search for another water source and in time they became less dependant on water. Reptiles came into being about 315 million years ago, when amphibians developed two unique features, which were; skin and an egg covering that helped stop water loss and this is how they evolved into reptiles. These two adaptations allowed reptiles to become a dominant life form on land, as where amphibians are dependant on water to survive. The main success for reptiles was being able to produce offspring on land. Most reptiles lay eggs that are hard and brittle, or covered with paper like shell. Some reptiles like snakes and lizards are ovoviviparous, which means they give birth to living offspring that hhatch from an egg from inside the female and then she gives birth. Birds have been termed glorified reptiles but are treated as a different class (aves). They are a far removed species from the general reptilian group because from that group there was a flying species called the pterosaurs. The aves are not descended from pterosaurs, they are descendants from another flying species called archosaur which had feathers instead of membrane. In birds we see a group of vertebrates that in a lot of ways is not considered a high level class of species like mammals. Birds can be trained but seem relatively much less capable of learning by experience than mammals. On the other hand they show innate behaviour patterns of a complexity unknown to mammals. A lot of these patterns are related to social behaviour for example, courtship, nest building and rearing there young. Mammals are vertebrates that have hair, a four-chambered heart and mammary glands (sweat glands), which is where the name mammal came from because they are the only animals that have sweat glands. Mammals first came about 200 million years ago during the Jurassic Period and there are about five thousand four hundred living species of mammals today that differ greatly in size, form and adaptations. Mammals inhabit every country and have occupied a wide variety of places, which include grasslands, wetlands, scrublands, seas and oceans, below ground, forests, mountaintops, Polar Regions and deserts. Mammals range in size from the minute bumblebee bat which measures a mere three centimeters in length, to the massive blue whale, which can measure up to 33 meters from head to tail, which makes it the largest animal alive today. Although mammal’s species vary in form, they do share some rare characteristics and they are; that their lower jaw bone which carries the teeth attaches directly to the skull. In other vertebrates, the jaw bone is one of multiple bones that does not attach directly to the skull. Mammals also have a unique arrangement of three bones, which are; the incus, malleus and stapes, that located in the middle of the ear. These bones turn sound vibrations into neural impulses. Two of these bones, the incus and malleus, originated as bones within the jaw. Another feature which is unique to mammals is that they have two lumps on the base of the skull (known as a double occipital condyle) which are used to hold the skull in the top neck vertebra, but in other vertebrates, the base of the skull has only a single lump. Hair is also unique trait to mammals because no other animals in the other class of vertebrates have true hair and all mammals have hair covering at least some part of their body at some time during their life. Hair grows from skin cells called follicles and it is made of a protein called keratin. Hair serves many functions which differ in different animals and they are to insulate, to conceal, to signal, to protect, and to sense the immediate surroundings. Insulation is to keep heat in the body, but it also helps to protect the body from too much heat as in the case of diurnal desert animals such as the camel. The coloring of hair on animals helps them to conceal themselves from predators or prey because some animal’s fur matches their habitat. Hair also provides by its color a means of signaling other members of ones o wn species (e.g., the white tail of the white-tailed deer, flashed by a fleeing animal to signal danger) or members of other species like the skunk which has a big white stripe down its back which is warning to predators. The hair also serves to protect the skin from abrasion and from excessive UV radiation. The success of vertebrates lies in the evolution and adaptation which helped vertebrates to survive on land, in water and in different climates all around the world. References DeBlase, A. F. and R. E. Martin. 1981. A manual of mammalogy. Second Edition. Wm. C. Brown, Publishers. Dubuque, Iowa. xii+436 pp. Pough, F. H. J. B. Heiser, and W. N. McFarland. 1989. Vertebrate Life. Third Edition. Macmillan Publishing Co., New York. xiv+904 pp. Romer, Alfred Sherwood, Thomas. S. Parsons, The Vertebrate body Fifth Edition, Philadelphia;London: Saunders 1977 Savage, R. J. G., and M. R. Long. 1986. Mammal Evolution, an Illustrated Guide. Facts on File Publications, New York. 259 pp. Vaughan, T. A. 1986. Mammalogy. Third Edition. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, Orlando Fl. vii+576 pp. Young, J, Z, (John Zachary), the life of vertebrates third Edition, Oxford; clarendon Press 1981 Catered to those in Grades 1 through 8: https://bestvpn.org/kids-research-and-education-links-database/ Focused more on college/academic sources: https://bestvpn.org/academic-research-guide-and-link-portal/ Matthew Morris, 15th may 2003 anglefire.com/moz/animals/phylum/chordata.html 18th mar 2011